Fig. 4
Membership and data properties associated with cohort phenotypes. Points in (a–d) correspond to 721 individual phenotypes shown in unitless 3D UMAP coordinates that describe similarity (only two axes depicted, for simplicity). Labels (a) mix patients (b) while defining empirical partitions of other factors of patient data (c–h). Groupings separate PEEP (c,g) and ventilator modes (d), which are arguably among the most important ventilator feature elements. Structured distributional separation occurs for continuous breath variables such as tidal volume (e), driving pressure (f), and elastance (\(V_{T}/(p_\text {max}-p_\text {base})\)), g). PEEP (c) and ventilator mode (d) of UMAP labels identify the median value of each individual phenotype; probability densities (e–h) are computed from original data and colored according to (a). Labels and colors of (a) define the those of (e–h) and Fig. 5. Modes: spontaneous (SPONT), pressure controlled (PC), synchronized controlled (SC), and adaptive pressure volume controlled (APVC).
