Table 5 Summary of elemental concentration of E1-CQD@300sec and E6-CQD@300sec from XPS.

From: Impact of sodium doping on the structural properties of CQDs

Element

BE [eV]

Atomic conc. [%]

Error [%]

Mass conc. [%]

Error [%]

E1-CQD@300sec

C 1s

284.4

61.966

0.234

56.368

0.254

O 1s

531.4

21.475

0.172

26.022

0.201

N 1s

399.4

16.494

0.190

17.497

0.201

Na 1s

1071.4

0.065

0.106

0.113

0.185

E6-CQD@300sec

C 1s

285

56.766

0.207

49.582

0.213

O 1s

531

27.158

0.177

31.598

0.196

N 1s

399

12.333

0.152

12.563

0.155

Na 1s

1069

3.743

0.094

6.258

0.153