Table 4 Initial and treated wastewater quality parameters.

Dissolved oxygen (mg L⁻¹)

0.8 ± 0.009^a

2.89 ± 0.026^b

6.78 ± 0.015^c

pH

8.49 ± 0.012^a

8.36 ± 0.015^a

8.64 ± 0.017^a

Alkalinity (mg L⁻¹)

325 ± 1.162^a

323 ± 1.203^a

329 ± 2.407^a

Total hardness (mg L⁻¹)

256 ± 1.154^a

259 ± 1.731^a

258 ± 2.002^a

Ammonia (mg L⁻¹)

7.69 ± 0.027^c

4.14 ± 0.029^b

1.23 ± 0.014^a

Nitrite (mg L⁻¹)

0.82 ± 0.036^c

0.13 ± 0.019^b

0.04 ± 0.007^a

Nitrate (mg L⁻¹)

2.27 ± 0.020^b

1.9 ± 0.015^a

5.3 ± 0.679^c

Phosphate (mg L⁻¹)

14.8 ± 0.173^b

16.3 ± 0.124^c

3.9 ± 0.017^a

Na⁺ (mg L⁻¹)

243 ± 1.562^a

254 ± 1.202^b

255 ± 1.453^b

Ca²⁺ (mg L⁻¹)

34.7 ± 0.154^a

39.2 ± 0.021^b

33.5 ± 0.272^a

K⁺ (mg L⁻¹)

11.8 ± 0.176^b

20.1 ± 0.050^c

0.23 ± 0.029^a