Fig. 1

Geographical location of the study area. This map was created using ArcGIS Pro 3.4 (ESRI) software. Administrative boundaries at all levels are from the National Geographic Information Public Service Platform (https://www.tianditu.gov.cn/). DEM data is from the European Space Agency’s Copernicus Dataspace Ecosystem (https://dataspace.copernicus.eu/). Basemap URL: https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=6ea270a2b9b84e55b1fb0c3114e109fe.