Fig. 4

Comprehensive histotype-specific pathway analysis in advanced-stage EOC. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed on differentially expressed genes (DEGs), identified using DESeq2, comparing each histotype individually against all others, identified unique biological pathways enriched in each histotype (A-D) to reveal distinct molecular interactions and shared pathways (E) enriched across multiple histotypes, highlighting overlapping mechanisms of tumorigenesis. (F) Hallmark pathway analysis of the DEGs using the same approach, identified the most significantly enriched cancer-related pathways. These findings capture both general tumorigenesis mechanisms and histotype-specific pathway activation emphasizing the diverse molecular landscape of advanced-stage EOC. Abbreviations: DEG: differentially expressed genes, EOC: epithelial ovarian cancer.