Table 1 Relevant recent researches in weather prediction.
References | Year | Models | Target feature | Forecast horizon | Time period | Location | Best evaluation parameters |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2024 | LSTM, GRU, BiLSTM | Temperature | Short-term | 1901 to 2020 | Saudi Arabia | RMSE = 0.0388 °C MSE = 0.0656 °C MAE = 0.0297 °C R2 = 97.152% | |
2018 | LSTM, GRU, BiLSTM | Rainfall | 70 months | – | 10,368 Geographic Locations around the globe | RMSE = 2.44 MAPE = 1.72 | |
2022 | LSTM, GRU, BiGRU, NBEATS | Temperature | Short-term | 2015 to 2022 | Bhubaneswar, India | MAE = 0.8097 °C MSE = 1.1095 °C RMSE = 1.1053 °C R2 = 92.88% | |
2023 | LSTM, GRU | Precipitation | Short-term | 2005 to 2022 | Jakarta | RMSE = 17.99 R2 =—0.07 | |
2023 | FFNN, LSTM, BiLSTM | Solar irradiance | Day-ahead | 2013 to 2022 | Seoul, South Korea | RMSE = 50.4 W/m2 NRMSE = 4.8 W/m2 MAE = 19.8 W/m2 NMAE = 1.9 W/m2 | |
2023 | CNN, MLP, LSTM, GRU, CNN-LSTM | Solar irradiance, Temperature | 10 years | 1984 to 2021 | Zahedan, Iran | RMSE = 10.46 W/m2, 1.22° C MAE = 8.15 W/m2, 0.95° C R2 = 0.9722%, 0.9745% NRMSE = 4.28 W/m2, 6.86° C | |
2023 | CNN, GRU, LSTM, CNN-LSTM | Wind speed | 6, 12, 60 months | 1984 to 2021 | Zabol, Iran | MAE = 0.483 m/s R2 = 92.43% RMSE = 0.722 m/s COV = 9.58% EC = 93.93% | |
2021 | CNN-GRU-RPASM, CNN-GRU, CNN, RNN, GRU, LSTM | Temperature | 1 to 24 h | 2018 to 2019 | China | MAE = 1.79 °C |
