Table 1 Characteristics of pediatric patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.
Total (N = 6,020) | ASM–only (N = 5,407) | CES (N = 496) | VNS (N = 217) | P* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | 0.903 | ||||
Male | 3356 (55.8) | 3009 (55.7) | 224 (56.6) | 123 (56.7) | |
Age at index date | < 0.001 | ||||
< 4 year | 2484 (41.3) | 2223 (41.1) | 193 (48.7) | 68 (31.3) | |
4–11 year | 1858 (30.9) | 1640 (30.3) | 124 (31.3) | 94 (43.3) | |
12–18 year | 1678 (27.9) | 1544 (28.6) | 79 (20.0) | 55 (25.4) | |
Age at intervention | < 0.001 | ||||
< 4 year | 125 (20.6) | – | 120 (30.7) | 5 (2.3) | |
4–11 year | 259 (42.6) | – | 162 (41.4) | 97 (44.7) | |
12–18 year | 156 (25.7) | – | 75 (19.2) | 81 (37.3) | |
≥ 18 year | 68 (11.2) | – | 34 (8.7) | 34 (15.7) | |
Insurance | 0.007 | ||||
National Health Insurance | 5453 (90.6) | 4877 (90.2) | 375 (94.7) | 201 (94.9) | |
Medical aid | 567 (9.4) | 530 (9.8) | 21 (5.3) | 23 (5.1) | |
Comorbidity and underlying disease† | |||||
I. Certain infectious and parasitic disease | 5331 | 4765 (88.1) | 366 (92.4) | 200 (92.2) | 0.008 |
II. Neoplasms | 833 | 691 (12.8) | 107 (27.0) | 35 (16.1) | < 0.00 |
III. Disease of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism | 2367 | 2124 (39.3) | 155 (39.1) | 88 (40.6) | 0.93 |
IV. Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases | 4435 | 3991 (73.8) | 278 (70.2) | 166 (76.5) | 0.18 |
V. Mental and behavioral disorders | 3786 | 3383 (62.6) | 247 (62.4) | 156 (71.9) | 0.02 |
VI. Diseases of the nervous system | 3788 | 3381 (62.5) | 246 (62.1) | 161 (74.2) | 0.002 |
VII. Diseases of the eye and adnexa | 4994 | 4446 (82.2) | 357 (90.2) | 191 (88.0) | < 0.001 |
VIII. Diseases of the ear and mastoid process | 3934 | 3505 (64.8) | 279 (70.5) | 150 (69.1) | 0.04 |
IX. Diseases of circulatory system | 2057 | 1842 (34.1) | 135 (34.1) | 80 (36.9) | 0.7 |
X. Diseases of the respiratory system | 5942 | 5331 (98.6) | 394 (99.5) | 217 (100.0) | 0.07 |
XI. Diseases of the digestive system | 5759 | 5156 (95.4) | 386 (97.5) | 217 (100.0) | < 0.001 |
XII. Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue | 5386 | 4809 (88.9) | 366 (92.4) | 211 (97.2) | < 0.001 |
XIII. Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue | 4685 | 4180 (77.3) | 314 (79.3) | 191 (88.0) | < 0.001 |
XIV. Diseases of the genitourinary system | 3042 | 2703 (50.0) | 205 (51.8) | 134 (61.8) | 0.003 |
XV. Pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium | 41 | 38 (0.7) | 3 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0.55 |
XVI. Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period | 839 | 796 (14.7) | 26 (6.6) | 17 (7.8) | < 0.001 |
XVII. Congenital malformations, deformations, and chromosomal abnormalities | 1676 | 1441 (26.7) | 181 (45.7) | 54 (24.9) | < 0.001 |
XVIII. Symptoms, signs, and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified | 5781 | 5187 (95.9) | 380 (96.0) | 214 (98.6) | 0.14 |
XIX. Injury, poisoning, and certain other consequences of external causes | 4920 | 4375 (80.9) | 346 (87.4) | 199 (91.7) | < 0.001 |
XX. External causes of morbidity and mortality | 149 | 128 (2.4) | 13 (3.3) | 8 (3.7) | 0.27 |
XXI. Factors influencing health status and contact with health services | 4554 | 4034 (74.6) | 331 (83.6) | 189 (87.1) | < 0.001 |
XXII. Codes for special purposes | 130 | 119 (2.2) | 5 (1.3) | 6 (2.8) | 0.35 |
