Table 2 Multivariate logistic-regression model predicting heel pain (final variables only).

From: Predictors of heel pain among healthy street vendors in Delhi: a cross-sectional study

Predictor

Odds Ratio (OR)

p value

95% CI for OR

Body-mass index (kg m-2)

1.15

< 0.001

1.08–1.21

Hours standing/day

1.19

< 0.001

1.08–1.30

Duration of heel pain (months)

1.58

< 0.001

1.38–1.80

Foot Function Index (FFI)

1.16

< 0.001

1.09–1.23

Footwear – slippers

2.48

0.057

0.97–6.30

Footwear – sandals

2.61

0.038

1.05–6.42

  1. OR = Odds Ratio; CI = Confidence Interval; FFI = Foot Function Index; p values are from multivariate logistic regression; Body-mass index is defined as weight (kg) divided by height squared (m²); Hours standing/day is the self-reported average duration spent standing; Duration of heel pain (months) reflects the self-reported length of time experiencing heel pain; footwear categories ‘slippers’ and ‘sandals’ are compared to the reference category ‘closed shoe’; statistical significance was set at p < 0.05, with values in bold indicating significant predictors. Predictors were entered en bloc after univariate screening and retained in the final model only if their multivariate p < 0.10; all others were removed during backward elimination. Predictors were entered en bloc after univariate screening and retained in the final model only if their multivariate p < 0.10; all others were removed during backward elimination.
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