Fig. 2
CKD phenotype and cardiometabolic remodelling in PN CKD model. (A, B) Plasma levels of creatinine and urea (PN CKD n = 7, sham n = 7, Student’s t-test, *p < 0.05). (C) Haematocrit measurement (PN CKD n = 7, sham n = 9, Student’s t-test, *p < 0.05). (D) ratio of heart weight to tibia length (PN CKD n = 7, sham n = 7, Student’s t-test, *p < 0.05. (E-G) Echocardiography measurement of intraventricular septum thickness in systole (IVS, s), left ventricle internal diameter in systole (LVID, s) and ejection fraction (PN CKD n = 7, sham n = 8, Student’s t-test, *p < 0.05). (H) mRNA expression of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) and fatty-acid transporter CD36 relative to housekeeping gene 36B4 (PN CKD n = 5, sham n = 5. BNP analysed by unequal variance t-test, Glut4 and CD36 analysed by Student’s t-test, *p < 0.05). (I) Ratio of PCr/ATP measured by 1H NMR spectroscopy in cardiac tissue from PN CKD (n = 4) and sham (n = 9) animals, displayed as fold change. Analysed by unequal variance t-test, *p < 0.05. (J) 1H NMR spectroscopy of cardiac tissue from PN CKD (n = 5) expressed as fold change vs. sham group (n = 9). Statistical analysis displayed was performed using Student’s t-test comparison for each metabolite on untransformed metabolite levels (#p < 0.05); results and values are displayed in Table S5. Data displayed as mean ± SEM. (I–J) Metabolomic data displayed were acquired by 1H NMR spectroscopy using the aqueous phase containing water-soluble metabolites from a methanol/chloroform/water extraction protocol. Abbreviations: PN, partial nephrectomy; CKD, chronic kidney disease; PCr, phosphocreatine; ATP, adenosine triphosphate.
