Table 1 Descriptive statistics (number (n), means and standard deviation (x ± SD), minimum angle, and maximum angle) for osteon vertical angle and osteon horizontal direction for each set of transverse section by layer, octant, and circumferential ring. Osteon angle measures the off-axis inclination on the z-plane, or the vertical trajectory the osteon travels as it descends longitudinally towards the distal end of the femur. Horizontal osteon orientation is the direction an osteon travels on the x-y plane, or the inclination the osteon points towards on the horizontal plane, where 0 °/360° represents an anterior orientation, 90° represents a lateral orientation, 180° represents a posterior orientation, and 270° represents a medial orientation. Osteon volume (mm3) is only presented for the superior-inferior layer as it is a sum of the osteon volume for the two shorter layers.
From: Demonstration of a novel method to explore osteon tilt in the human femoral cortex
Superior-middle layer 300 μm | Middle-inferior layer 300 μm | Superior-inferior layer 810 μm | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Osteon Angle | Osteon Orientation | Osteon Angle | Osteon Orientation | Osteon Angle | Osteon Orientation | Osteon Volume | |
x ± SD | x ± SD | x ± SD | x ± SD | x ± SD | x ± SD | x ± SD | ||
All osteons | 1219 | 12.0° ± 3.9 | 152.0° ± 84.8 | 11.9° ± 4.0 | 151.7° ± 84.1 | 11.1° ± 3.8 | 151.9° ± 84.2 | 33.5 ± 14.2 |
Octant 1 | 212 | 10.6° ± 0.2 | 61.4° ± 1.9 | 10.6° ± 0.2 | 58.8° ± 2.0 | 9.6° ± 0.2 | 61.2° ± 1.9 | 31.9 ± 13.3 |
Octant 2 | 240 | 12.2° ± 0.3 | 78.8° ± 1.8 | 12.1° ± 0.3 | 80.2° ± 1.6 | 11.5° ± 0.3 | 79.7° ± 1.8 | 25.6 ± 11.8 |
Octant 3 | 128 | 13.3° ± 0.3 | 121.7° ± 2.5 | 13.1° ± 0.3 | 121.9° ± 2.4 | 11.7° ± 0.3 | 121.9° ± 2.5 | 34.1 ± 12.5 |
Octant 4 | 128 | 13.6° ± 0.3 | 167.8° ± 2.7 | 13.4° ± 0.3 | 170.4° ± 2.7 | 12.4° ± 0.3 | 169.4° ± 2.8 | 40.2 ± 15.9 |
Octant 5 | 141 | 12.5° ± 0.3 | 180.1° ± 3.0 | 12.3° ± 0.3 | 178.8° ± 2.9 | 11.5° ± 0.3 | 177.6° ± 2.9 | 34.6 ± 13.9 |
Octant 6 | 122 | 13.0° ± 0.3 | 191.7° ± 3.9 | 13.0° ± 0.3 | 191.0° ± 3.6 | 12.1° ± 0.3 | 190.9° ± 4.1 | 35.0 ± 12.6 |
Octant 7 | 128 | 11.0° ± 0.4 | 237.6° ± 4.1 | 11.2° ± 0.3 | 237.8° ± 4.0 | 10.8° ± 0.4 | 237.2° ± 3.8 | 36.6 ± 13.8 |
Octant 8 | 120 | 10.4° ± 0.3 | 309.1° ± 2.9 | 10.5° ± 0.3 | 306.5° ± 3.1 | 10.0° ± 0.3 | 308.5° ± 3.0 | 38.2 ± 15.0 |
Periosteal ring | 604 | 11.5° ± 0.2 | 153.0° ± 3.8 | 11.4° ± 0.2 | 153.8° ± 3.7 | 10.8° ± 0.2 | 154.0° ± 3.7 | |
Mid-cortical ring | 436 | 11.9° ± 0.2 | 151.6° ± 3.9 | 12.1° ± 0.2 | 150.0° ± 3.9 | 11.0° ± 0.2 | 150.2° ± 3.9 | |
Endosteal ring | 179 | 13.6° ± 0.3 | 149.5° ± 4.8 | 13.3° ± 0.3 | 148.5° ± 4.7 | 12.3° ± 0.2 | 148.6° ± 4.8 | |
Min. value | 1219 | 2.1° | 0.5° | 2.5° | 5.4° | 1.6° | 2.6° | |
Max. value | 1219 | 23.8° | 359.8° | 23.8° | 355.4° | 24.8° | 358.4° | |
