Fig. 4

Two-dimensional Blue Native (BN) /SDS-PAGE gel visualization of protein composition differences between plasma samples from distinct anatomical origin. A) Representative 2D BN/SDS-PAGE gel analysis of plasma samples from the superior vena cava (SVC) and hepatic vein (HV) of three patients (Patient IDs 1–3) (left). All the gel plots from the 2D BN/SDS-PAGE for each experiment are shown. A schematic of the 2D BN/SDS-PAGE setup with corresponding 1D BN-PAGE gel segments is shown (right). Black arrows with white dotted circles (left) highlight differences in protein patterns, particularly in the low molecular weight region (< 20 kDa) of HV plasma, corresponding to segments III and V on the 1D BN-PAGE gel (right). Orange circles (right) schematically summarize the observed proteomic differences and their correspondence with the 1D gel segments. B) Proteomic profiling of individual 1D BN-PAGE segments (I, II, III, and V), showing the total number of proteins (left) and peptides (right) identified per segment.