Fig. 3

The mean differences of the measured joint angles between the developed system and test device. The top three panels represent the time-series of angles of the test device (solid lines) and output angles measured using the developed system (dotted lines). The X and Y axes show the time and the measured angle, respectively. The bottom three panels represent the mean differences in the measured angle between the two measurement methods using the Bland–Altman plots. Each plot represents the angle of the test device minus the angle calculated by the developed system. X and Y axes show the mean value of the two measurement methods and the mean difference between them, respectively. The middle solid line represents the mean difference; the top and bottom solid lines show the Limits of Agreement. The dotted lines show the 95% confidence intervals of the mean difference and the Limits of Agreement.