Table 1 Technical specifications of the lithium-ion battery cell.

Cell model

18,650 Lithium-Ion INR18650 B4 2600 mAh

Form

Cylindrical cell

Cathode chemistry

Lithium ion, NMC (Nickel, Manganese and Cobalt)

Nominal voltage

3.6 V

Nominal capacity

2.6 Ah

Standard charging protocol

CC–CV @0.5C (1250 mA), 4.2 V, 4.20 ± 0.05 V max, 1.0 C (2500 mA) max, 0.02C (50 mA) cut-off

Standard discharging protocol

CC@0.2 C (500 mA), 2.75 V cut-off

Operating temperature

Charging: 0 to 45 °C

Discharging: − 20 °C to + 60 °C

Internal impedance

70

Mass

48 g