Table 4 Specifications for warning sign components based on cognitive processing Optimization.
From: Visual communication design in laboratory safety effectiveness and optimization of warning signs
Sign component | Optimal specifications | Cognitive function | Application guidelines |
|---|---|---|---|
Signal Word | 36-48pt Helvetica Bold, 85% contrast ratio with background | Attention capture, hazard level indication | Position at top center, use standardized terms (DANGER, WARNING, CAUTION) corresponding to hazard severity |
Hazard Pictogram | 40–50% of total sign area, ISO standardized symbols | Rapid hazard identification, transcends language barriers | Center placement, maintain minimum 10 mm white space around symbol, ensure symbol-hazard correlation > 90% |
Primary Message | 24–30pt sans-serif, 80% minimum contrast, maximum 10 words | Critical information communication | Concise hazard statement, active voice construction, reading level grade 6–8, avoid technical jargon |
Precautionary Actions | 18–24pt sans-serif, bullet points for multiple items | Behavioral guidance | Begin with action verbs, number sequential steps, limit to 3–4 key actions |
Supplementary Information | 14–18pt, secondary visual field, QR code where applicable | Detailed guidance, information expansion | Include emergency contact information, reference to detailed protocols, maintain visual distinction from primary information |
