Table 6 Federated learning hyperparameter configuration.

From: Adaptive course recommendation using federated learning and graph convolutional networks in IoT-enhanced e-learning

Parameter

Description/value

Number of clients

20 (simulated learners)

Client sampling ratio

0.5 per round

Local epochs per round

5

Communication rounds

20

Client optimizer

Adam

Local learning rate

0.005

Aggregation method

FedAvg (weighted by data volume)

Gradient clipping threshold

1.0

Proximal regularization coefficient (µ)

0.01 (for non-IID data)

Batch size (local)

64

Differential privacy

Disabled in baseline; considered for future work