Fig. 1

Schematic structure of conceptual models. Model 1: Four cognitive ability factors; Model 2: Direct associations between Cardiorespiratory Fitness factor and cognitive ability factors; Model 3: Direct associations between Cardiometabolic Health factor and cognitive ability factors; Model 4: Direct association between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Cardiometabolic Health factors, and their unique associations with cognitive ability factors when controlling for shared variance. Created in Lucid (lucid.co).