Table 4 Comparison of key age-related model outputs with results in the literature.

From: Modelling the influence of vitamin D and probiotics on inflammation and the intestinal microbiota in older adults

Model output

Literature source

Loss of intestinal barrier function

41,71,72

Increase in pro-inflammatory bacteria

70

Decrease in serum 25(OH)D levels

53

Increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. IL-6, IL-1, TNF-\(\alpha\), C-RP)

69

Functional decline in innate immune system (i.e. macrophages)

1,2,3

Functional decline in adaptive immune system (i.e. B- and T-cells)

1,2,3

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