Table 1 Control parameters of the proposed MPPT Controllers.
From: Enhanced adaptive control techniques for extracting maximum power from photovoltaic system
Controller | Optimized parameters | Optimization/Update Method | Final Values |
|---|---|---|---|
PID (MRFO) | \(\:{K}_{p},{\:K}_{i},{\:K}_{d}\) | MRFO (20 population, 100 iterations) | \(\:{\text{K}}_{\text{p}}\)= 2.1956, \(\:{\text{K}}_{\text{i}}\)= 0.7183, \(\:{\:\text{K}}_{\text{d}}\)= 0.0012 |
Adaptive PI (API) | \(\:{C}_{1},\:\:{C}_{2}\:,\:\) \(\:{C}_{3}\), \(\:{K}_{p},{\:K}_{i}\) | MRFO-optimized constants + Online Update gains | \(\:{\text{C}}_{1}\)=4.3290, \(\:{\text{C}}_{2}\)=0.6507, \(\:{\text{C}}_{3}\)=0.0813, adaptive update for \(\:{\text{K}}_{\text{p}},{\:\text{K}}_{\text{i}}\) with Eqs. (6–8) |
SP-API | \(\:K,\:\:{g}_{1}\:,\:\) \(\:{g}_{2}\) | MRFO tuning + perceptron update laws | |
SMAPA | \(\:{K}_{p},{\:K}_{i}\) | SMAPA-based online adaptation | Initialized to small positive values; updated using Eqs. (18–123) |
