Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the population studied according to the presence or absence of androgenic alopecia (AGA).

From: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease is associated with androgenetic alopecia in adults with stronger effects in women and unhealthy lifestyles

Variable

Total (N = 7993)

AGA

P-value*

No (n = 1989)

Yes (n = 6004)

Categorical variables

Gender

Male

3926 (49.1)

1229 (61.8)

2697 (44.9)

< 0.001

Female

4067 (50.9)

760 (38.2)

3307 (55.1)

Marital status

Single (Never married)

271 (3.4)

84 (4.2)

187 (3.1)

< 0.001

Married

7162 (89.6)

1841 (92.6)

5321 (88.6)

Widowed

482 (6.0)

50 (2.5)

432 (7.2)

Divorced

78 (1.0)

14 (0.7)

64 (1.1)

Academic degree

No

7805 (97.6)

1928 (96.9)

5877 (97.9)

0.017

Yes

188 (2.4)

61 (3.1)

127 (2.1)

Having a job

No

3741 (46.8)

738 (37.1)

3003 (50.0)

< 0.001

Yes

4252 (53.2)

1251 (62.9)

3001 (50.0)

Smoker

No

5665 (70.9)

1192 (59.9)

4473 (74.5)

< 0.001

Yes

2328 (29.1)

797 (40.1)

1531 (25.5)

Regular alcohol drink

No

7581 (94.8)

1810 (91.0)

5771 (96.1)

< 0.001

Yes

412 (5.2)

179 (9.0)

233 (3.9)

Ischemic heart disease

No

7165 (89.6)

1835 (92.3)

5330 (88.8)

< 0.001

Yes

828 (10.4)

154 (7.7)

674 (11.2)

Depression

No

7512 (94.0)

1877 (94.4)

5635 (93.9)

0.403

Yes

481 (6.0)

112 (5.6)

369 (6.1)

Other psychiatric disorders

No

7340 (91.8)

1842 (92.6)

5498 (91.6)

0.143

Yes

653 (8.2)

147 (7.4)

506 (8.4)

Antidepressant medication use

No

7730 (96.7)

1934 (97.2)

5796 (96.5)

0.130

Yes

263 (3.3)

55 (2.8)

208 (3.5)

Betablocker medication use

No

7329 (91.7)

1885 (94.8)

5444 (90.7)

< 0.001

Yes

664 (8.3)

104 (5.2)

560 (9.3)

MASLD

No

5257 (65.8)

1400 (70.4)

3857 (64.2)

< 0.001

Yes

2736 (34.2)

589 (29.6)

2147 (35.8)

Continuous variables

Age (years)

48.62 ± 9.63

46.07 ± 9.18

49.47 ± 9.63

< 0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

25.57 ± 4.80

24.83 ± 4.74

25.82 ± 4.80

< 0.001

Physical activity (METs)

41.79 ± 11.55

42.90 ± 13.08

41.42 ± 10.97

< 0.001

Socioeconomic status (Asset index)

0.05 ± 2.16

0.33 ± 2.32

−0.04 ± 2.09

< 0.001

Daily calorie intake (kilocalorie)

2925.62 ± 1103.10

2973.93 ± 1107.11

2909.61 ± 1101.39

0.024

Night sleep duration (hours)

6.59 ± 1.93

6.90 ± 1.79

6.50 ± 1.96

< 0.001

GFR (ml/min/1.73m2)

80.92 ± 20.63

84.67 ± 20.47

79.68 ± 20.53

< 0.001

SIRI

4.17 ± 1.86

4.24 ± 1.88

4.15 ± 1.85

0.069

Protein intake (grams/day)

92.59 ± 33.73

99.00 ± 35.25

90.46 ± 32.94

< 0.001

Iron intake (milligrams/day)

23.13 ± 9.17

24.40 ± 9.61

22.70 ± 8.97

< 0.001

Magnesium intake (milligrams/day)

389.86 ± 132.39

413.93 ± 140.63

381.88 ± 128.56

< 0.001

Phosphorus intake (milligrams/day)

1363.17 ± 474.30

1449.10 ± 498.98

1334.71 ± 462.37

< 0.001

Zinc intake (milligrams/day)

11.39 ± 4.12

12.27 ± 4.36

11.10 ± 3.99

< 0.001

Vitamin A intake (micrograms/day)

807.87 ± 459.95

882.96 ± 521.27

782.99 ± 434.95

< 0.001

Vitamin D intake (micrograms/day)

1.38 ± 1.02

1.56 ± 1.08

1.32 ± 0.99

< 0.001

Carbohydrate intake (grams/day)

479.52 ± 166.38

505.69 ± 172.57

470.85 ± 163.37

< 0.001

Total lipid intake (grams/day)

69.22 ± 26.54

74.29 ± 27.84

67.54 ± 25.88

< 0.001

Fiber intake (grams/day)

30.64 ± 11.95

32.31 ± 12.69

30.09 ± 11.64

< 0.001

TyG index

8.57 ± 0.58

8.53 ± 0.57

8.58 ± 0.58

0.003

Fatty Liver Index (FLI)

39.51 ± 27.65

35.83 ± 26.90

40.73 ± 27.79

< 0.001

  1. The table presents descriptive statistics and univariable comparisons for the variables considered in the multivariable models, including demographic characteristics, baseline clinical and metabolic factors, and other variables associated with AGA or the MASLD–AGA relationship. In addition, TyG index, carbohydrate intake, and fiber intake are included at the end of the table, as these variables were only used for subgroup analyses in subsequent models.
  2. Qualitative data are presented as frequencies (percentages) in the first part of the table, while quantitative data are presented as mean ± standard deviation in the second part.
  3. * P-values represent univariable comparisons between participants with and without AGA, and are computed using the chi-square test for qualitative variables and the Independent T-test test for quantitative variables; Significance level for the tests is set at 0.05.
  4. Abbreviations: MASLD, Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease; AGA; Androgenic Alopecia; BMI, Body Mass Index; GFR, Glomerular Filtration Rate; MET, Metabolic Equivalent of Task; SIRI, Systemic Inflammation Response Index.
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