Table 2 Multiple logistic regression analysis for the association between MASLD and AGA.

From: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease is associated with androgenetic alopecia in adults with stronger effects in women and unhealthy lifestyles

Variable

OR (95% CI)

P-value

Gender

Male

Female

OR (95% CI)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

MASLD (Ref = no)

1.31 (1.13, 1.52)

< 0.001

1.16 (0.95, 1.42)

0.133

1.62 (1.30, 2.03)

< 0.001

Gender (Ref = Male)

1.53 (1.27, 1.84)

< 0.001

-

-

-

-

Age (years)

1.03 (1.03, 1.04)

< 0.001

1.06 (1.05, 1.07)

< 0.001

1.00 (0.98, 1.01)

0.461

Married (Ref = Single)

1.24 (0.92, 1.65)

0.154

1.19 (0.72, 1.96)

0.501

1.27 (0.87, 1.86)

0.212

Academic degree (Ref = no)

1.02 (0.71, 1.44)

0.932

1.10 (0.73, 1.65)

0.649

1.15 (0.52, 2.53)

0.734

Having a job (Ref = no)

1.16 (0.98, 1.38)

0.087

1.01 (0.77, 1.33)

0.927

1.28 (0.97, 1.69)

0.083

Physical activity (METs hours/day)

1.00 (0.99, 1.00)

0.349

1.00 (0.99, 1.00)

0.151

1.01 (0.99, 1.03)

0.295

Socioeconomic Status (Asset index)

0.97 (0.95, 1.00)

0.072

0.97 (0.94, 1.01)

0.124

0.96 (0.91, 1.01)

0.117

Daily Calorie Intake (kilocalorie)

1.00 (1.00, 1.00)

0.906

1.00 (1.00, 1.00)

0.329

1.00 (1.00, 1.00)

0.504

Smoker (Ref = no)

0.65 (0.56, 0.75)

< 0.001

0.75 (0.64, 0.87)

< 0.001

0.43 (0.30, 0.64)

< 0.001

Regular Alcohol Drink (Ref = no)

0.83 (0.65, 1.04)

0.107

0.86 (0.68, 1.09)

0.210

-

-

Ischemic heart disease (Ref = no)

0.96 (0.77, 1.20)

0.721

1.30 (0.92, 1.82)

0.133

0.77 (0.57, 1.05)

0.098

Other psychiatric disorders (Ref = no)

1.08 (0.87, 1.34)

0.482

0.77 (0.56, 1.05)

0.094

1.52 (1.09, 2.12)

0.014

Antidepressant medication use (Ref = no)

0.90 (0.64, 1.28)

0.570

0.93 (0.51, 1.70)

0.819

0.97 (0.61, 1.53)

0.880

Betablocker medication use (Ref = no)

1.32 (1.01, 1.72)

0.039

1.41 (0.90, 2.20)

0.131

1.27 (0.90, 1.79)

0.166

Night sleep duration (hours)

0.90 (0.87, 0.93)

< 0.001

0.99 (0.96, 1.04)

0.791

0.77 (0.73, 0.81)

< 0.001

GFR (ml/min/1.73m2)

1.00 (0.99, 1.00)

0.021

1.00 (1.00, 1.01)

0.083

0.98 (0.98, 0.99)

< 0.001

SIRI

0.98 (0.95, 1.01)

0.256

1.04 (1.00, 1.09)

0.054

0.89 (0.84, 0.93)

< 0.001

Protein intake (grams/day)

0.99 (0.98, 1.00)

0.269

1.00 (1.00, 1.09)

0.745

0.99 (0.97, 1.01)

0.226

Iron intake (milligrams/day)

1.00 (0.98, 1.02)

0.857

1.00 (0.98, 1.03)

0.711

0.98 (0.95, 1.01)

0.242

Magnesium intake (milligrams/day)

1.00 (1.00, 1.00)

0.262

1.00 (1.00, 1.00)

0.792

1.00 (1.00, 1.00)

0.244

Phosphorus intake (milligrams/day)

1.00 (1.00, 1.00)

0.008

1.00 (1.00, 1.00)

0.553

1.00 (1.00, 1.00)

0.002

Zinc intake (milligrams/day)

0.96 (0.90, 1.02)

0.142

0.97 (0.90, 1.04)

0.377

0.93 (0.82, 1.06)

0.306

Vitamin A intake (micrograms/day)

1.00 (1.00, 1.00)

0.012

1.00 (1.00, 1.00)

0.740

1.00 (1.00, 1.00)

< 0.001

Vitamin D intake (micrograms/day)

0.97 (0.90, 1.04)

0.382

1.02 (0.93, 1.11)

0.702

0.83 (0.71, 0.96)

0.013

  1. Abbreviations: MASLD, Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease; AGA; Androgenic Alopecia; GFR, Glomerular Filtration Rate; MET, Metabolic Equivalent of Task; SIRI, Systemic Inflammation Response Index.
  2. Models are adjusted for important literature based confounding variables identified in the univariable analyses (p < 0.2), including gender, age, marital status, academic degree, job status, physical activity, socioeconomic status, daily calorie intake, smoking status, regular alcohol drink, ischemic heart disease, psychiatric disorders, antidepressant medication use, betablocker medication use, night sleep duration, GFR, SIRI, protein intake, iron intake, magnesium intake, phosphorus intake, zinc intake, vitamin A intake, vitamin D intake.
  3. ¶ Results stratified by gender.
  4. Significance level for the tests is set at 0.05.
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