Fig. 3

Scatter plot of PC1 versus PC2 derived from the PCA of the 3D GM analysis. 95% equal frequency ellipses of the groups are depicted. Dark blue wireframes show the extreme shape of each PC in a palmar view (upper panel) and a distal view (lower panel). Light blue wireframes show the mean shape (coordinates 0.0). 3D GM = three-dimensional geometric morphometrics; PCA = principal components analysis.