Table 3 Response of EV emissions factors towards past shocks in Building permit and housing value (Unit: number of standard deviations, *: insignificant at 95% CI, convention: mean response magnitude (95% confidence interval)).

From: Observing the impact of renewable electricity on the emission factors of electric vehicles using electricity generation data

Impulse variables/

Time of the Day

Texas issued building permit

Texas housing value

0:00

−0.23 (−0.1, −0.36)

−4.2 (−2, −6.4)

1:00

−0.23 (−0.1, −0.36)

−5 (−2, −8)

2:00

−0.23 (−0.1, −0.36)

−5 (−2, −8)

3:00

−0.23 (−0.1, −0.36)

−5 (−2, −8)

4:00

−0.24 (−0.1, −0.38)

−5.5 (−2, −9)

5:00

−0.24 (−0.11, −0.37)

−6 (−2, −10)

6:00

−0.25 (−0.11, −0.39)

−6 (−2, −10)

7:00

−0.25 (−0.11, −0.39)

−6 (−2, −10)

8:00

−0.24 (−0.1, −0.38)

−7 (−2, −12)

9:00

−0.1*

−8 (−4, −12)

10:00

−0.1*

−8 (−4, −12)

11:00

−0.12*

−6 (−2, −10)

12:00

−0.17 (−0.02, −0.32)

−5 (−2, −8)

13:00

−0.19 (−0.04, −0.34)

−5 (−2, −8)

14:00

−0.19 (−0.04, −0.34)

−5 (−2, −8)

15:00

−0.19 (−0.04, −0.34)

−4.5 (−2, −6)

16:00

−0.19 (−0.04, −0.34)

−4 (−1, −7)

17:00

−0.2 (−0.05, −0.35)

−6 (−3, −9)

18:00

−0.27 (−0.11, −0.43)

−8.5 (−3, −14)

19:00

−0.25 (−0.11, −0.39)

−7 (−2, −12)

20:00

−0.25 (−0.15, −0.35)

−4.5 (−2, −7)

21:00

−0.25 (−0.16, −0.34)

−4 (−2, −6)

22:00

−0.24 (−0.13, −0.35)

−4 (−2, −6)

23:00

−0.22 (−0.1, −0.34)

−4 (−2, −6)