Table 2 Demographics and pulmonary Function.

From: Long COVID: lung pathophysiology and its relationship with cognitive dysfunction

Characteristic

Long COVID

(n = 12)

Controls

(n = 10)

P value

Demographics

Age (years)

54 ± 11

47 ± 12

0.17

No. females, n (%)

10 (83)

8 (80)

0.85

BMI (kg/m2)

30.2 ± 7.8

27.3 ± 7.0

0.36

Months since infection

32 ± 5

-

-

No. hospitalized, n (%)

4 (33)

-

-

Education (years)

15 ± 2.7

-

-

Pulmonary function testing

FEV1 (%pred)

102 ± 17

99 ± 12

0.62

FVC (%pred)

107 ± 15

102 ± 14

0.45

FEV1/FVC (%)

76 ± 7

78 ± 4

0.38

FEF25 − 75% (%pred)

91 ± 28

90 ± 19

0.89

DLCO (%pred)

96 ± 12

93 ± 6

0.57

129Xe MRI

VDP (%)

4.0 ± 6.7

2.1 ± 2.8

0.41

RBC: Mem

0.36 ± 0.12

0.38 ± 0.08

0.57

RBC: Gas (%)

0.37 ± 0.13

0.36 ± 0.07

0.82

Mem: Gas (%)

0.98 ± 0.20

0.94 ± 0.21

0.63

  1. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation unless indicated otherwise. P-value from Welch’s two sample t-test. PFT only available for 8/10 healthy controls.
  2. Abbreviations: BMI = body mass index; FEV1 = forced expiratory volume in first second; %pred = percent of predicted value; FVC = forced vital capacity; FEF25 − 75%=forced mid-expiratory flow; DLCO=diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide; MRI = magnetic resonance imaging; VDP = ventilation defect percent; RBC = red blood cell; Mem = membrane.
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