Table 2 Comparison of the proposed phase with the other technologies phase shifters.

From: Amplitude and phase control in SIW structures by tuning multilayered graphene

Ref.

Size mm2

Freq Band (GHz)

Δ|S21| (dB)

Phase (deg)

FOM* (deg/dB)

Technology

4

-

4-4.5

2

23

54.7

IDC + Graphene

17

1.33λ × 0.6λ

4.4–6.2

1.5

60

-

SIW + PIN diode

19

5.2λ × 3.3λ

6–12

2.3

180

-

SIW + LM

29

1.17λ × 0.22λ

9.7–10.2

3.3

97

29

BST* thin film

30

3λ × 1λ

8–14

1.2

41–180

163

HMSIW + LM

31

-

8–12

1.53

60

12

Microstrip + Graphene

32

-

4–6

1

59

-

Microstrip + Graphene

This work

1.73λ × 0.67λ

6.5–9.5

2.25

45

20

HMSIW + Graphene

  1. *BST = barium strontiusm titanate, *FOM = figure of merit.