Table 4 Critical summary of recent literature on nano-enhanced biodiesel.
Ref | Oil/biodiesel | Engine speed & load | Nanoparticles | Emissions and performance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
WCO | 1500 rpm | CeO₂ 80 ppm | BSFC and NOx were reduced by 2.5% and 15.7%, respectively | |
CSME | 0%–100% engine load | ZnO 40,80,120 ppm | At 80 ppm minimum, NOx and BSFC were obtained with better BTE | |
Jatropha biodiesel | 80% load and 1700–2900 rpm | Al₂O₃ 100 ppm | Maximum Tb and Pb were recorded with high NOx at engine speed of 2400–2600 rpm | |
Mahua | 80% engine load | CuO 25, 50, 75 ppm | 4.6% HC, 15.725% CO, with less BSFC were obtained at M20NP50 | |
Jatropha biodiesel | Not specified | CeO₂ and Al₂O₃ at 10,30,60 ppm | 13% NOx, 60% CO, and 32% of emission reduction were observed at 30A30C | |
Jatropha biodiesel | 2600, 2900, 3200, 3500 rpm | Graphene oxide | Tb, HC, and CO₂ were improved in the finds, and Pb was reduced by 6.3% | |
B20 CSOME/Diesel | Not specified | 100 ppm CeO₂ | Reported a 23% reduction in CO and an 8% increase in Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE). A significant increase in NOx emissions was noted as a drawback of the single additive | |
B20 Cottonseed | Not specified | 75 ppm Al₂O₃ | Reported a 9.2% increase in Brake Power (BP) and a 35% reduction in NOx. The study noted poorer performance in controlling CO and HC emissions | |
Present study | B20 fuel (20% cottonseed biodiesel, 80% diesel) | 1154, 1250, 1500, 2000, 2400,3000, 3600, and 3840 rpm engine speed | Al₂O₃ 50 ppm, CeO₂ 50 ppm, Al₂O₃ + CeO₂ 50 + 50 ppm | B20 with 50 ppm Al₂O₃ and 50 ppm CeO₂ increased brake power by 17.9% (vs. 6.3% Al₂O₃, 4.3% CeO₂), achieved the highest brake torque, improved BSFC over B20, and reduced emissions: CO by 23.2%, CO₂ by 14.8%, and HC compared to diesel |
