Table 5 Cultural and morphological characteristics of 4 endophytic fungal isolates from Amazonian Bolivian plants.

Aspergillus niger

The growth is initially white but changes to black after a few days producing conidial spores. The edges of the colonies appear pale yellow, producing radial fissures.

Cottony appearance, initially white to yellow and then turning black. The reverse rough yellow on PDA. In YES, the color is and more orange on the reverse.

Filamentous fungus that forms filamentous hyphae that make them look like small plants.

The conidial heads appear radial, they are smooth and hyaline. The conidiophore becomes dark at the apex and terminating in a globose vesicle which is 30–75 μm in diameter. Produce conidia brown colored and have a diameter of 4–5 μm.

^35,36

Aspergillus sp, SMB-18

Cottony appearance, initially white to yellow in color and then turning black. With formation of many black spores.

The reverse is pale yellow and rough

Brown with white concentric edges. Orange light rough appearance on the reverse

Colony growth reached 90 mm after the seventh day on PDA at 24–28 °C and 90 mm in five days on YES at 24–28 °C.

Insulated branched that forms filamentous hyphae

Conidiophores, globose vesicle, small round conidia, more formation on PDA than on YES

This study

Aspergillus sp, SMB-22

Cottony appearance, black in color. With formation of many black spores.

The reverse is pale yellow and rough.

Less intense color, from white to black, with white concentric edges of more dispersed growth. Rough orange appearance on the reverse.

Several colonies grew at once, reaching 90 mm after the seventh day on PDA at 24–28 °C and 90 mm in five days on YES at 24–28 °C.

The hyphae are filamentous and branched.

Conidiophores, globose vesicle, small round conidia, black in color, more sporulation on PDA than on YES

This study

Fusarium oxysporum

White hairy mycelium, which turns purple after a week. No sporodochia formation. The reverse may be hyaline, dark blue or purple.

PDA: 30–55 mm. Colony diameter on PDA (Potato dextrose agar) after 4 days at 25 °C

Shape of chlamydosporess simple and double. Intercalary and terminal. Wall of medium or thin thickness.

Conidiogenous cells are monophyalides, microconidia are arranged in moist heads.

^61,62

Fusarium

sp, SMB-20

White aerial mycelium with a light purple base. Purple reverse with a white border.

White aerial mycelium with concentric growth. Pale orange reverse

Concentric growth reached 90 mm after the seventh day on PDA at 24–28 °C and 70 mm in five days on YES at 24–28 °C.

Insulated, branched, filamentous and septate hyphae ending in rounded conidiophores.

Elongated conidiophores with rounded ends. Typical oval, elliptic and kidney-shaped conidia.

This study

Alternaria alternata

Colonies effuse, usually grey, dark blackish brown or black. The reverse is typically brown to black due to pigment production.

Alternaria grow rapidly, the colony reaching a diameter of 3 to 9 cm after incubation at 25 °C for 7 days on PDA, greenish black or olive brown with a clear edge.

Mycelium immersed or partly superficial; hyphae colorless, olivaceous brown or brown. Stroma rarely formed. Setae and hyphopodia absent.

Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, simple and loosely branched, pale brown or brown, in fascicles. Conidia catenate, dry, ovoid, pale or medium olivaceous-brown to brown, verrucose.

³⁷

Alternaria

sp. SMB-28

Colonies are slightly cottony, usually dark brown with thin white edges. The reverse is dark black.

Cottony colonies, usually dark brown with thick white edges. The reverse is orange-brown.

Individual colony growing concentrically, reaching 70 mm after nine days on PDA at 24–28 °C and 80 mm in seven days on YES at 24–28 °C.

Insulated, branched, filamentous and septate hyphae ending in rounded conidiophores.

Formation of few conidia on PDA and YES, pale brown spores, septate and warty.

This study