Fig. 9

(A) The graph illustrates the hemolysis rate in males, based on the varying concentrations of Naja naja snake venom (NNSV) and Naja naja EVs (NNEV). All assays were performed in triplicate, and the standard deviation is indicated by error bars. Statistical significance is indicated using the conventional asterisk system: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001, ***p < 0.0001 and ****p < 0.0001. (B) The graph illustrates the hemolysis rate in females, based on the varying concentrations of Naja naja snake venom (NNSV) and Naja naja EVs (NNEV). All assays were performed in triplicate, and the standard deviation is indicated by error bars. Statistical significance is indicated using the conventional asterisk system: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001, ***p < 0.0001 and ****p < 0.0001.