Table 19 Comparison of the best results obtained with optimization algorithms for all controllers in terms of TS, US, and OS.

From: Optimization of automatic generation controllers in renewable multi-area power systems using the Fata Morgana algorithm

Cont.

Alg.

TS (Settling Time)

US (Undershoot)

OS (Overshoot)

Δf1

Δf2

Δftie

Δf1

Δf2

Δftie

Δf1

Δf2

Δftie

PI

GJO

12

13

12

−0.13

−0.18

−0.0285

0.0139

0.0345

0.014

PIDn

FATA

4

4

4

−0.09

−0.09

−0.0023

0.05

0.0384

0.00153

FOPI

ECO

11

12

---

−0.11

−0.165

−0.0215

0.011

0.0283

0.01

PPIDn

ESC

6

6

4

−0.12

−0.12

−0.0025

0.02

0.018

0.00077