Table 1 Characteristics of IU, IR, and IUR enterprises.

From: Heterogeneous collaboration patterns and radical innovation performance—a data-driven analysis from specialized, refined, differentiated, and innovative enterprises

Type

Number

Knowledge elements

Collaboration networks

Average RIP

Proportion of RIP(%)

KD

KC

SHs

DC

IU

550

0.51

0.55

0.46

0.50

77.4

High

47.6

Low

52.4

IR

286

0.48

0.44

0.47

0.52

63.6

High

43.0

Low

57.0

IUR

524

0.57

0.52

0.54

0.62

101.0

High

56.3

Low

43.7