Table 4 Hyperparameters for used models.

From: Classifying human vs. AI text with machine learning and explainable transformer models

Models

Hyperparameters with values

Machine Learning Models

Embedding Dimension = 100, 200, 300, Random Seed = 7, 42, 123

Deep Learning Models

Learning rate = 1e − 3, Batch Size = 32, Max_Length = 200, Optimizer = Adam, Epoch = 30, Early Stopping Patience = 3, loss function = CrossEntropyLoss, Embedding Dimension = 100, 200, 300, Random Seed = 7, 42, 123

Transfer Learning Models

Learning rate = 3e − 5, Epoch = 3, 4, 5, Optimizer = AdamW, Max_Length = 256, Batch Size = 32, loss function = CrossEntropyLoss, Gradient Clipping = 1.0, Dropout Rate = 0.1