Table 4 Pearson partial and full correlations of child characteristics and interaction measures.

From: The influence of individual characteristics on children’s learning with a social robot versus a human

 

Human Instructor

Robot Instructor

 

M

SD

Intro Time

Task Time

Gaze

Social Referencing

Child Vocalization

Intro Time

Task Time

Gaze

Social Referencing

Child Vocalization

Age

6.80

0.94

−0.21

-0.44*

0.25

-0.35°

-0.49°

-0.05

-0.54*

0.10

-0.07

-0.26

Child Behavior Questionnaire Subscales

Surgency

Negative affect

Effortful Control

4.58

4.06

5.34

0.92

0.69

0.63

0.03

−0.12

−0.09

−0.08

−0.24

−0.09

−0.10

−0.06

0.19

−0.22

0.00

0.00

−0.05

−0.10

0.02

0.08

0.07

0.08

0.18

−0.28

0.12

−0.09

−0.06

0.03

0.10

0.08

−0.21

0.17

0.02

−0.15

Child Behavior Questionnaire Dimensions

Activity Level

Anger/Frustration

Approach

Attention

Discomfort

Soothability

Fear

High Intensity Pleasure

Impulsivity

Inhibitory Control

Low Intensity Pleasure

Perceptual Sensitivity

Sadness

Shyness

Smiling and Laughter

4.14

4.37

4.87

4.33

3.75

4.40

3.63

4.46

3.64

4.77

5.79

4.89

3.98

4.09

3.98

0.61

0.83

0.69

0.71

0.68

0.60

0.85

0.92

0.70

0.80

0.67

0.71

0.78

0.58

0.45

−0.30

−0.06

−0.25

−0.39º

−0.08

−0.23

0.18

−0.07

−0.16

−0.28

0.07

0.07

−0.28

−0.20

−0.10

−0.49º

−0.38º

−0.21

−0.26

−0.19

−0.13

−0.05

−0.07

−0.06

−0.13

−0.08

−0.14

−0.50

−0.02

−0.12

0.07

−0.04

0.21

−0.07

0.13

0.16

−0.18

−0.03

0.14

0.36º

−0.01

0.17

−0.02

0.25

−0.08

−0.28

−0.06

0.11

−0.12

−0.16

0.04

0.06

−0.08

0.01

0.02

0.06

−0.08

−0.11

0.22

−0.09

−0.06

0.02

−0.08

−0.01

−0.04

−0.02

0.04

−0.37º

−0.17

−0.16

0.23

−0.14

−0.09

−0.36º

0.26

−0.17

0.08

−0.38º

0.12

−0.05

0.00

0.04

−0.15

−0.32

0.04

0.12

−0.23

−0.08

−0.07

−0.22

−0.19

−0.30

−0.28

−0.13

−0.34

0.09

−0.08

−0.03

−0.29

0.04

0.12

−0.33

−0.25

−0.01

−0.35º

−0.05

−0.09

−0.29

−0.16

−0.06

−0.22

−0.44º

−0.08

0.02

−0.04

−0.01

−0.05

−0.18

−0.03

−0.02

−0.14

0.13

−0.41º

0.21

−0.07

−0.02

−0.19

0.11

−0.11

−0.20

0.34

−0.53*

0.04

0.12

−0.19

−0.10

0.01

−0.27

0.04

−0.03

0.07

−0.12

−0.10

−0.14

−0.19

0.28

−0.38°

−0.09

−0.21

−0.12

Social Skills Improvement System-Rating Scales

Social Skills

Problem Behaviors

97.19

22.88

15.93

8.70

−0.08

−0.12

0.21

0.04

−0.08

−0.28

0.15

−0.04

0.12

−0.08

−0.01

0.10

0.21

−0.11

0.03

−0.23

−0.27

0.06

−0.03

−0.02

Technology Use

Total technology at home

Frequency of use

11.38

2.84

7.00

2.59

−0.03

−0.09

−0.23

0.06

0.01

0.13

−0.13

−0.14

0.23

0.15

0.12

0.25

−0.05

0.11

0.10

0.13

−0.05

0.03

−0.05

0.33

  1. Note: M=mean, SD=standard deviation. *p<.05 after Benjamin-Hochberg correction; ºp<.05 before correction was applied. For “Task Duration” and “Child Vocalizations,” partial correlation was performed to control for order effects of when the child interacted with either instructor type (Human-Robot or Robot-Human).