Fig. 10
From: Solar forcing on elemental and nanomechanical variations in Late Cretaceous lacustrine deposits

Simplified conceptual model for horizontal fracturing for shale oil/gas in lacustrine strata with carbonate-clastic layers. The mechanically weak interfaces between solar forced alternated laminae of soft carbonates precipitated in warm season and hard terrigenous clastic deposited in cold season, are susceptible to crack propagation.