Table 1 Performance study of reported mmWave antennas5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15 and proposed antenna.
From: Dual and wideband mmWave 28/38 GHz quad port MIMO antenna for 5G and beyond applications
References | Year | \({f}_{r}\)(GHz) | BW (GHz) | Isolation (dB) | Gain (dB) | \({\upeta }_{\text{rad}}\)(%) | ECC | CCL/CC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2024 | 29 | 21.8–29.1 | 18 | 5.76 | 96.5 | 0.004 | NR | |
2024 | 28 41.7 | 27.7–28 41.3–41.9 | 20 | 6.05 | 80 | 0.10 | 0.28/ 20.86 | |
2023 | 28 38 | 27.1–28.8 35.2–38.9 | 19 17 | 6.5 5.7 | NR | 0.00002 | NR | |
2025 | 28 38 | 27.2–28.7 36.2–42 | 20 | 10.4 10.1 | NR | 0.002 | 0.4/NR | |
2025 | 28 38 | 25.3–30.5 36.7–41.4 | 24.3 | 11.5 | 86 | 0.37 | 0.3/NR | |
2025 | 28 34 | 27.6–28.4 33.6–34.2 | 30 25 | 8.7 5.5 | 98 | 0.0001 | 0.005/NR | |
2024 | 28 38 | 26.6–29.3 37.6–38.3 | 32 | 7 7.9 | NR | 0.0005 | 0.03/NR | |
2024 | 28 38 | 27.7–28.4 37.6–38.1 | 20 | 7.7 | NR | 0.03 | 0.15/NR | |
2024 | 28 38 | 24–28.8 36.6–40.8 | 30 28 | 7.8 6 | NR | 0.0001 | 0.05/NR | |
2022 | 28 38 | 27.5–28.7 36.8–38.8 | 20 30 | 7.9 13.7 | 98 91.7 | 0.00017 0.0065 | 0.4/NR | |
2024 | 28 38 | 26.3–28.8 35–41.5 | 15 25 | 7.4 7.5 | NR | 0.0001 | 0.4/NR | |
[P] | NA | 28 38 | 26.7–29 32.7–39.2 | > 21 > 20 | 6.4 8.3 | 92 90 89* | 0.0001 0.00007 | 0.06/19.8 0.07/21 |
