Fig. 9

Schematic representation illustrating the senolytic effects of PD on MTX-treated HepG2 spheroids, highlighting changes in ROS/NO levels, apoptosis, SA-β-Gal activity, cell cycle regulators, and TGF-β/Smad2/4 signaling pathways.

Schematic representation illustrating the senolytic effects of PD on MTX-treated HepG2 spheroids, highlighting changes in ROS/NO levels, apoptosis, SA-β-Gal activity, cell cycle regulators, and TGF-β/Smad2/4 signaling pathways.