Table 4 Comparative pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of β-carotene and doxorubicin.
From: Liposomal co-delivery of β-carotene and doxorubicin for enhanced colorectal-cancer therapy
Category | Property | Predicted (β-Carotene) | Predicted (Doxorubicin) | Unit/note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Absorption | Caco-2 permeability | −4.63 | -6.93 | logPapp |
Human oral bioavailability (20%) | Bioavailable | Non-bioavailable | ||
Human intestinal absorption | Absorbed | Non-absorbed | ||
Human oral bioavailability (50%) | Bioavailable | Non-bioavailable | ||
P-glycoprotein substrate | Substrate | Substrate | ||
Skin permeability | −3.34 | 0.3 | log Kp | |
Distribution | Blood–brain barrier (BBB) penetration | Penetrable | Non-penetrable | |
Fraction unbound (Human) | 2.45 | 0.83 | % | |
Plasma protein binding | 74.93 | 76.23 | % | |
Steady state volume of distribution (Vss) | 8.62 | 3.44 | L/kg | |
Metabolism | CYP3A4 substrate | Non-Substrate | Substrate | |
CYP2C9 inhibitor | Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | ||
Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) inhibitor | Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | ||
OATP3B3 inhibitor | Inhibitor | Non-inhibitor | ||
Excretion | Half-life of drug | > 3hs (implied by low Cl) | < 3hs |
