Table 9 Comparison of reusability performance of different adsorbents for MB removal.
Adsorbent material | Regeneration agent & conditions | Number of cycles | Recovery method | Removal efficiency retained (%) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK–CNF–Fe cryogel beads (this study) | 0.1 M HCl, pH 2 | 6 | Magnetic (0.3 T, 35 s) | > 90 | This work |
Chitosan–kaolinite composite beads | 0.1 M HCl | 5 | Filtration/Centrifugation | 85 | |
Agricultural waste biochar | Ethanol wash | 5 | Filtration | 80 | |
Magnetic chitosan–graphene oxide beads | 0.05 M HCl | 6 | Magnetic | 88 | |
Cellulose–Fe₃O₄ aerogel | 0.1 M NaOH | 5 | Magnetic | 83 | |
Clay–biochar composite | 0.1 M HCl | 4 | Filtration | 78 |
