Table 5 Between-group post-intervention comparisons with BMI as a covariate.

From: Targeted exercise improves functional movement performance and alters movement screening relationships in females with flexible flatfeet

Dependent variable (post-test)

Independent variable

Unstandardized coefficient (B)

Standard error (SE)

P value

Functional movements (score)

BMI

0.076

0.059

0.201

Foot Type (Normal vs. Flatfeet)

− 2.93

0.444

0.001*

Abdominal muscle endurance (number)

BMI

0.162

0.101

0.11

Foot Type (Normal vs. Flatfeet)

− 3.12

0.761

0.001*

Endurance of spinal extensor muscles (seconds)

BMI

− 0.936

0.343

0.008*

Foot Type (Normal vs. Flatfeet)

− 10.38

2.59

0.001*

Agility (seconds)

BMI

0.019

0.025

0.454

Foot Type (Normal vs. Flatfeet)

0.208

0.191

0.280

Static balance (seconds)

BMI

0.228

0.660

0.730

Foot Type (Normal vs. Flatfeet)

− 20.61

4.99

0.001*

Dynamic balance (cm) Total score

BMI

− 0.002

0.003

0.525

Foot Type (Normal vs. Flatfeet)

− 0.005

0.020

0.804

Dynamic balance (cm)

Anterior direction

BMI

− 0.294

0.323

0.366

Foot Type (Normal vs. Flatfeet)

0.133

2.44

0.957

Dynamic balance (cm)

Posterior internal direction

BMI

0.33

0.36

0.928

Foot Type (Normal vs. Flatfeet)

− 1.81

2.77

0.515

Dynamic balance (cm)

Posterior external direction

BMI

− 0.256

0.399

0.410

Foot Type (Normal vs. Flatfeet)

0.159

2.33

0.946

  1. Linear Regression Analysis for Between-Group Differences at post-intervention, controlling for BMI. p ≤ 0.05: A significant difference was observed between groups (*). Foot Type was dummy-coded (0 = Normal Feet; 1 = Flexible Flatfeet). The negative unstandardized coefficient (B) indicates that the Flexible Flatfeet group scored significantly lower than the Normal Feet group on these measures after controlling for BMI.
Back to article page