Table 4 Hazard ratios for depression based on changes in physical activity levels before and after open angle glaucoma diagnosis.

From: Independent associations of physical activity and depression with open-angle glaucoma in a population-based analysis

 

Unadjusted

Model 1

Model 2

HR

95% CI

P-value

HR

95% CI

P-value

HR

95% CI

P-value

Low–Low level

1

–

–

1

–

–

1

–

–

Low–High level

0.993

(0.957, 1.031)

0.715

0.908

(0.874, 0.943)

< 0.001

0.912

(0.879, 0.947)

< 0.001

High–Low level

1.104

(1.063, 1.146)

< 0.001

0.981

(0.944, 1.018)

0.307

0.989

(0.952, 1.027)

0.564

High–High level

0.989

(0.959, 1.02)

0.481

0.837

(0.811, 0.864)

< 0.001

0.855

(0.829, 0.883)

< 0.001

  1. Model 1 is adjusted for age and sex. Model 2 is adjusted Model 2 was adjusted for all variables used to describe the baseline characteristics.HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; PA, physical activity. In the fully adjusted model, sustained high PA (High–High) and increased PA (Low–High) were associated with significantly reduced depression risk, whereas decreased PA (High–Low) showed no protective effect.
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