Fig. 2
Toxicity and cellular internalization assessment of EpEVs-LL37. (a) Cell viability of Raw 264.7 cells treated with varying concentrations of EpEVs-LL37 (0–40 µg/mL) was evaluated using the Cellrix® cytotoxicity assay kit. (b) Cellular internalization of fluorescently labeled EpEVs-LL37 in Raw 264.7 cells was visualized by fluorescence microscopy. (c) In vivo toxicity was assessed in zebrafish larvae (60 hpf) treated with EpEVs-LL37 (0–30 µg/mL), and cumulative percent survival was recorded up to 96 hpt. Supplementary Fig. S1 shows the cumulative survival rate for each treatment group. (d) In vivo ROS generation in zebrafish larvae at 96 hpt was determined by DCFHDA staining. H2O2 (5 µM) was used as the positive control. All experiments were performed in triplicate, and data are presented as mean ± SEM. (BF - Bright field; GF - Green fluorescence) (* = p < 0.05. ** = p < 0.01, *** = p < 0.001, **** = p < 0.0001) (Scale bar = 100 μm in b and 250 μm in d).
