Table 2 Wilcoxon test results and effect sizes (SMD with 95% CI) for pre- vs. post-neurofeedback movement metrics. FS: Foot Stomping, HPS: Hand Pronation Supination, SMD: Standardized Mean Difference, \(W\): test statistic; *\(p < 0.05\), **\(p < 0.01\).

General Metrics

Acceleration magnitude

7.0

0.037*

0.57 [–0.15, 1.28]

Angular velocity magnitude

26

0.092

0.20 [–0.51, 0.92]

Speed

Steps per second

3.0

0.010**

0.94 [0.22, 1.65]

Turns per second

14.0

0.193

0.46 [–0.25, 1.18]

Mean peak velocity

0.0

0.002**

0.85 [0.13, 1.56]

Mean peak angular velocity

17.0

0.322

0.41 [–0.30, 1.13]

Amplitude

Mean step amplitude

17.0

0.570

−0.02 [–0.74, 0.70]

Mean turn amplitude

24.0

0.770

−0.08 [–0.80, 0.63]

Total distance

27

1.000

0.02 [–0.70, 0.74]

Cumulative angular displacement

14

0.193

0.45 [–0.27, 1.16]

Hesitations

Spectral arc length

12.0

0.131

0.41 [–0.30, 1.13]

Spectral arc length

23.0

0.695

0.08 [–0.64, 0.79]

Log-jerk velocity

9.0

0.064

0.62 [–0.10, 1.33]

Log-jerk velocity

17.0

0.322

−0.38 [–1.10, 0.34]

Halts

Number of halts

0.0

0.059

0.71 [–0.01, 1.42]

Number of halts

2.5

0.625

−0.32 [–1.03, 0.40]

Step intervals

5.0

0.020*

−0.64 [–1.35, 0.08]

Turn intervals

12.0

0.131

−0.58 [–1.29, 0.14]

Decrementing Amplitude

Amplitude change

17.0

0.322

0.04 [–0.68, 0.75]

Turn amplitude change

25.0

0.846

0.10 [–0.62, 0.81]

Slope of step height

20.0

0.492

−0.10 [–0.82, 0.61]

Slope of turn angle

24.0

0.770

−0.16 [–0.88, 0.55]