Figure 13

Comparison of time to solution. The horizontal axis represents the variables as problem size, and the vertical axis represents the Time To Solution in microseconds. The proposed method is represented by the green diamond lines, which help reduce the average Time To Solution by 94.2%, compared to the classical SA solver. Although the Gurobi-MILP method yields the overall shortest Time To Solution, this is because the priority in the proposed method is uniformly set to 1. When applying the Gurobi method with the proposed cost function in this study, it achieves results comparable to the proposed method for problems with fewer than 1000 variables. However, it was found that it fails to solve problems with more than 1000 variables.The error bars indicated standard error (SE) across repeated experiments. Statistical significance of pairwise comparisons was assessed using Welch’s two-tailed t-test (\(\alpha = 0.05\)).