Table 10 Rejection rates (Total, Correct Prediction, and Incorrect Prediction) for various confidence and uncertainty measures when ViT, trained on Stable Diffusion, is tested on Stable Diffusion (SD), MidJourney (MJ), GLIDE (GD), VQDM (VQ), and BigGAN (BG)

From: Detection of AI generated images using combined uncertainty measures and particle swarm optimised rejection mechanism

Measure	Dataset	Nature			AI
		Total	Correct	Incorrect	Total	Correct	Incorrect
Probability	SD	15.40	12.62	95.52	34.00	32.51	92.89
	MJ	16.05	13.28	97.96	60.87	86.06	48.79
	GD	15.75	12.89	96.59	58.68	92.62	46.49
	VQ	15.47	13.12	95.88	34.85	93.60	26.46
	BG	15.47	12.64	97.50	26.30	97.47	21.81
	SG	45.08	38.75	98.40	57.75	98.51	50.99
Total Fisher Information	SD	8.43	5.69	87.31	16.99	15.37	81.22
	MJ	9.37	6.69	88.78	42.43	68.67	29.86
	GD	9.05	6.18	90.24	42.95	79.07	29.97
	VQ	8.45	6.23	84.71	22.85	81.33	14.50
	BG	8.95	6.16	90.00	17.23	90.45	12.62
	SG	30.56	23.55	89.60	36.27	88.61	27.59
Fisher Frobenius Norm	SD	9.56	6.71	91.79	23.85	22.35	83.25
	MJ	10.47	7.68	92.86	47.37	76.54	33.38
	GD	10.10	7.16	93.17	46.08	84.68	32.22
	VQ	9.47	7.12	90.00	25.02	87.47	16.10
	BG	9.80	6.98	91.50	18.32	92.13	13.66
	SG	32.43	25.26	92.80	41.13	94.06
Fisher Entropy	SD	10.44	8.43	68.28	12.39	10.65	81.22
	MJ	10.92	8.92	69.90	41.07	51.75	35.95
	GD	10.23	8.28	65.37	43.45	63.75	36.16
	VQ	10.65	9.02	66.47	23.43	59.60	18.27
	BG	10.72	8.71	69.00	19.25	81.74	15.31
	SG	37.18	31.62	84.00	39.79	64.85	35.63
Gaussian Process	SD	15.25	12.58	92.16	15.53	13.58	92.39
	MJ	15.75	13.15	92.86	60.80	68.62	57.05
	GD	15.27	12.58	91.22	62.27	82.35	55.05
	VQ	14.98	12.81	89.41	35.58	84.40	28.61
	BG	15.18	12.48	93.50	27.15	95.22	22.86
	SG	54.67	50.65	98.00	64.79	93.96	61.37
Entropy of Expected	SD	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
	MJ	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
	GD	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
	VQ	99.93	99.93	100.00	99.98	100.00	99.98
	BG	99.92	99.91	100.00	99.92	100.00	99.91
	SG	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
Knowledge Uncertainty	SD	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
	MJ	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
	GD	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
	VQ	99.95	99.97	99.41	99.98	99.87	100.00
	BG	99.93	99.95	99.50	99.93	99.72	99.95
	SG	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
Combined Uncertainty	SD	13.00	10.24	92.54	14.22	12.19	94.92
	MJ	13.45	10.84	90.82	56.38	68.26	50.69
	GD	12.92	10.15	91.22	57.05	80.83	48.50
	VQ	12.43	10.14	91.18	31.57	83.33	24.17
	BG	13.13	10.34	94.00	23.55	94.94	19.05
	SG	45.93	40.08	95.20	56.83	93.07	50.82

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Table 10 Rejection rates (Total, Correct Prediction, and Incorrect Prediction) for various confidence and uncertainty measures when ViT, trained on Stable Diffusion, is tested on Stable Diffusion (SD), MidJourney (MJ), GLIDE (GD), VQDM (VQ), and BigGAN (BG)

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