Table 4 Antibacterial activity of CS, CSNPs, and CIP, alone and in combination, against resistant C. freundii isolates from broiler chickens and Buffalo p-values from independent T test; p < 0.05.

From: Chitosan mitigates pan drug resistance in citrobacter freundii exhibiting AmpC and ESBL from Egyptian livestock

Antimicrobial agents

broiler N (19)

Buffalo N (20)

P value T test

CS 10 mg/ml

1.91±0.19

1.69±0.354

0.024*

CS 20 mg/ml

2.2±0.243

1.96±0.353

0.019*

CSNPs 0.25 mg/ml

2.33±0.243

2.09±0.364

0.02*

CIP 5μg/ml

1.69±0.47

1.57±0.365

0.4

CS 10 mg/ml + CIP 5μg/ml

2.35±0.232

2.06±0.27

0.001*

CS 20 mg/ml + CIP 5μg/ml

2.63±0.283

2.31± 0.325

0.003*

CSNPs 0.25 mg/ml + CIP 5μg/ml

2.75±0.345

2.44± 0.325

0.007*

  1. Where, * refer to statistically significant difference at p<0.05.
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