Table 3 Effects of all treatments on the growth of pathogenic bacteria.

From: Enhanced antibacterial activities of zirconia nanoparticles modified with yttrium oxide and alumina

Bacterial isolates, and treatment

Inhibition zone (mm)

A

B

C

D

E

S. aureus

ZrO2

6.0 ± 00

16.3 ± 1.52

20.0 ± 1.00

21.7 ± 1.52

24.0 ± 1.00

ZrO2 + Y2O3

6.0 ± 00

19.0 ± 1.00

21.0 ± 1.00

23.0 ± 1.00

24.7 ± 1.52

ZrO2 + Y2O3 + Al2O3

6.0 ± 00

18.3 ± 1.52

21.7 ± 1.52

22.7 ± 1.52

27.3 ± 1.00

E.coli

ZrO2

6.0 ± 00

11.0 ± 1.00

13.6 ± 1.50

18.7 ± 1.15

20.0 ± 1.00

ZrO2 + Y2O3

6.0 ± 00

10.3 ± 0.57

12.3 ± 0.57

18.3 ± 0.57

21.0 ± 0.15

ZrO2 + Y2O3 + Al2O3

6.0 ± 00

13.0 ± 1.00

14.3 ± 1.15

17.6 ± 0.57

22.6 ± 0.57

  1. A = Control, B = 25 µg/mL− 1, C = 50 µg/mL− 1, D = 75 µg/mL− 1, E = 100 µg/mL− 1.