Table 4 Overview of antibacterial activities involving zirconium nanoparticles in pathogen control.
From: Enhanced antibacterial activities of zirconia nanoparticles modified with yttrium oxide and alumina
Types of NPs | NPs size (nm) | Bacterial species | Mechanism of action | Preparation | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ZrO2NPs | 20–50 | E. coli | Disruption of cell membrane | Hydrothermal synthesis | Khan et al.44 |
Ag-Zr nanoparticles with graphene oxide | 5–50 | S. aureus | Oxidative stress | Sol-gel method | Khan et al.45 |
ZrO2NPs | 100–200 | Klebsiella pneumoniae | Biofilm inhibition | Co-precipitation | Algabar et al.46 |
Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles | 20–80 | E. coli, S. aureus | Antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity | Sol-gel method | Tabassum et al.47 |
ZrO2 + Chitosan | 30–80 | S. mutans | Inhibition of adhesion | Chitosan coating | Aktug et al.48 |
ZrO2 Nanocomposites | 10–100 | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Biofilm disruption | Melt mixing | Nagaraj et al.49 |
Zr₃O and chitosan-coated zirconium oxide nanoparticles | 30–100 | E. coli, S. aureus | Targeting cell wall | Bougainvillea glabra-mediated synthesis, ultrasonication | Pradeep et al.50 |
Zirconia nanoparticulates | 20–100 | E. coli, S. aureus | Antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities | Synthesis and characterization | Modi et al.51 |
Copper ion- and neodymium ion-modified α-zirconium phosphate | 50–100 | E. coli, S. aureus | Antibacterial activity by ROS production with lower cytotoxicity | Chemical reduction | Cai et al.52 |
Zirconium-coated β-cyclodextrin nanomaterials | 30–100 | Various (e.g., E. coli) | Biofilm eradication | Coating and functionalization | Gupta et al.53 |
Zirconia-based biocomposites | 20–80 | S. aureus, E. coli | Antimicrobial properties and bioactivity | Composite fabrication | Ziąbka et al.54 |
irconium dioxide nanoparticles in polycaprolactone/chitosan films | 50–100 | Various (e.g., E. coli) | Antibacterial and flexible properties | Film formation techniques | Kahdim et al.55 |
Zinc and cerium carried sodium zirconium phosphates | 10–50 | E. coli, S. aureus | Membrane Disruption | Sol-gel method | Yunhua et al.56 |
Silver-doped multilayered Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia | 20–50 | E. coli, S. aureus | Antibacterial and antifungal effects | Coating techniques | Medina et al.57 |
Zirconia-based nanomaterials | 10–100 | Various (e.g., E. coli) | Antibacterial activity | Various methods | Kumar et al.58 |
Ciprofloxacin-loaded ZrO2 nanoparticles coated with chitosan | 50–100 | E. coli and S. aureus | Antibacterial, antibiofilm, anti-inflammatory | Nanocapsule formation | Al-darwesh et al.59 |
ZrO2 + Y2O3 + Al2O3 | 10–100 | S. aureus and E. coli. | ROS production | Ultrasonication method | Present study |
