Table 11 Voltage deviation characteristics and PID tuning using EDO and NLTA (area-1) (area-2).

From: Enhancement of PID controller performance for a combined LFC and AVR single- and two-area model using exponential distribution optimization technique

 

Voltage (Area-2)

Voltage (Area-2)

Mp (p.u)

tp (sec.)

ts (sec.) ± 2%

Ess (p.u)

Mp (p.u)

tp (sec.)

ts (sec.) ± 2%

Ess (p.u)

EDO

1.11

1.82

3.59

0.0003

1.135

1.52

3.42

0.0003

NLTA34

1.157

2.23

4.23

− 0.0004

1.151

2.62

5.25

0.0004

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