Fig. 4
Fabrication and characteristic evaluation of PG-MAP. (a) Schematic of PG-MAP mold and micro molding process. (b) Optical microscopic image of the fabricated PG MAP. (c) Optical microscopic image of PG-MAP showing needle alignment and formation of bridging. (d) Drying kinetics of pillar guided molding and conventional one-step molding. (e) Tip-loading efficiency (TLE) comparison between pillar guided molding and one-step molding. (f) Viral titer stability measured by plaque assay after fabrication, comparing the pillar-guided method (viability: 50.4%) with the conventional one-step molding method (viability: 40.4%), indicating enhanced preservation of viral titer with the PG approach (n = 4). (g) Axial force measurements confirming failure force of PG-MAP fabricated with hyaluronic acid (HA) at 5%, 10%, and 15% concentrations (n = 5), the red dotted lines, 58mN, indicate the threshold for skin puncture force37 (h) Absorbance of Rhodamine B release from PG-MAP in PBS(-) solution at 37 °C, shown as function of time (n = 4).
