Fig. 10 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 10

From: Remote ischemic preconditioning improves ileal microvascular oxygenation during rodent hemorrhagic shock without improving variables of microcirculation and mitochondrial respiration

Fig. 10

Intestinal tissue integrity. Intestinal tissue integrity was assessed by plasmatic D-lactate concentration (A; [nmol·ml− 1]) and histological scoring (B) according to Chiu et al.35. Animals received remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) and/or hemorrhagic shock with subsequent shed blood transfusion (shock). Shock groups are indicated by grey boxes. Control animals did not receive RIPC or hemorrhagic shock. Data are presented as mean + SEM for plasmatic D-lactate concentration and as median with interquartile range for histological scoring. Whiskers indicate maximal and minimal values. Statistical analysis did not reveal significant differences between the experimental groups. The upper row of images are giving an impression of the most present histological injury patterns from maintained tissue integrity (grade 0, left image) to progredient intestinal injury (grade 3–4, right image). Asterisks = Grunhagen space (Grade 1); Arrows = subepithelial lifting (Grade 2); Circle = epithelial loss with denuded apex (a; Grade 3) or villus (b; Grade 4).

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