Table 2 Contents of questions.

From: Rasch model analysis of herbal medicine consumption and doping risk awareness among athletes

No

Factor

Contents

Response types (Number of options)

1

Demographic characteristics

Gender

Categorical (2)

2

Affiliation

Categorical (4)

3

Athletic career

Open-ended

4

Type of sport

Open-ended

5

Consumption type

What is the primary reason for taking herbal medicine?

Categorical (8)

6

When did you first start taking herbal medicine?

Categorical (5)

7

Where do you usually purchase herbal medicine?

Categorical (7)

8

In what form do you usually take herbal medicine?

Categorical (5)

9

Consumption awareness

Have you ever received any explanation regarding the doping risks associated with the herbal medicine you have taken?

Categorical (2)

10

Are you aware that herbal medicines may contain substances prohibited in doping regulations?

Categorical (2)

11

Have you ever worried about testing positive in a doping test after taking herbal medicine?

Categorical (2)

12

Do you think herbal medicine poses a higher doping risk than conventional medicine (such as Tylenol)?

Categorical (3)

13

Do you believe herbal medicine helps enhance physical stamina?

4-point Likert Scale

14

Do you believe herbal medicine aids in injury recovery?

4-point Likert Scale

15

Do you believe herbal medicine helps with fatigue recovery?

4-point Likert Scale

16

Do you believe herbal medicine helps relieve tension or anxiety?

4-point Likert Scale

17

Do you believe herbal medicine aids in weight loss?

4-point Likert Scale

18

Do you believe herbal medicine helps with growth and development?

4-point Likert Scale

19

Do you believe herbal medicine assists in disease treatment or managing health conditions?

4-point Likert Scale

  1. *Duplicate responses possible.