Fig. 3

Relationships among 32 emotional labels and image evaluation of valence, arousal, and beauty. The vertical axis represents the evaluation scores for valence, arousal, and aesthetic quality, while the horizontal axis represents the evaluation scores for each of the 32 emotional labels used in the analysis. The data was averaged for each image, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was employed to investigate correlations among the variables. Additionally, we conducted correlation tests for each item in the table to assess the significance of correlations among the indicators. False Discovery Rate (FDR) correction was applied to adjust for multiple comparisons. Correlation coefficients are annotated with significance markers based on the FDR-corrected q-values as follows: (q < 0.001: ***, q < 0.01: **, q < 0.05: *). Results indicated a significant relationship (q < 0.05) between aesthetic quality and 28 of the 32 emotional labels.